Migration and Development

Since time immemorial, people have always moved from their original or cradle land and found settlements in other places. This movement is caused by a number f reasons some of which are intentional while others are as a result of catastrophic occurrences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Migration and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This movement of people from one place to another is referred to as migration (Giddens, 1984). The aim of this discussion is to look at some of the impacts that migration has on the immigrant, the people around the immigrant and the community at large. In addition, this discussion will also focus on the link between migration and development. There are quite a number of developmental issued that have emerged as a result of migration. This is because; most of the people who migrate are part of a workforce in a given society. This therefore means that their departure will le ave a gap in the workforce of their society and will also add to the workforce of the so city where the immigrants will finally settle. The United States of America for instance has continued to receive immigrants from many parts of the world with most of the immigrants to America coming from Mexico. This has created a relationship of dependency considering that America is a 1st world country while Mexico is still a developing country. Many European countries have also seen immigrants from North America move into these countries permanently (Agunias, 2006). During the boom period that was experienced in the 60s and 70s there were several agreements that were reached between the countries that were receiving labour and those that were providing labour. However, when this period came to an end, the needs of the countries that were receiving labour changed and this broke the ties between these countries. Migration from various anthropological studies has been viewed in various angles s ome of which have been addressed in this discussion. Migration has been looked at from the angle of modernization. This is where anthropologists have argued that migration was used a tool of modernization.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This meant that since people in third world countries would migrate to 1st word countries in search of labour, they would get to earn of the new ways of life and when they went back to their native countries the would take back the new practices. At the same time, by the immigrants providing labour in the 1st wor1d countries they would contribute to development and this enhanced modernization. Thus, if an immigrant from North Africa moved to Europe both the native country and the country that the immigrant settles in stand to benefit as a result of the migration. On the other hand, migration has been said to create dependency between the third w orld countries and the already developed countries. This is because, the immigrants who are from the periphery countries always depend on the core countries to provide them with labour opportunities so that they can migrate and set their base of work there. The immigrants therefore do not consider how they can look for ways to develop their own countries and develop a sense of livelihood without having to migrate. Therefore, an immigrant from North Africa would prefer to migrate to a European country in search of labour opportunities instead of looking for labour opportunities in his or her own country. Migration has also been considered in two main ways. There is migration from a peripheral or a third world country to first world country that is the most common (Kapur, 2003). There is also a new trend whereby people from third world countries are migration from the rural areas into the urban areas of their country in search of job opportunities. While the latter is different from t he former, the concept is still the same. This trend has brought about other issues of development (Kearney, 1986). While on one hand this issue encouraged development and urbanization, there is also slow growth in the rural areas as almost everybody has moved to the big cities and towns in search of work. Impacts of Migration The impacts that migration has on the immigrant, the people around him or her like the family members and the community at large can be looked at from two perspectives. There are some impacts that are negative while others are positive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Migration and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, when an immigrant moves from his native country to another country, the society from he come from is deprived of one of the most important pillars of development that is the labour force (Kuhn, 1962). This means that even though the immigrants is likely to come back with new concepts that could enhance development, already the native country of the immigrant is likely to suffer as far as development is concerned due to lack of sufficient labour force. As a result, the local and regional economies are greatly undermined (Rodenburg, 1997). This situation leads to a continued trend of dependence on the first world countries to provide labour opportunities. The end result is that since the native country is experiencing sluggish growth or the growth is almost ground to a halt for lack of enough labour, poverty crops in, and this encourages even greater migration as people sort of seek refuge in greener pastures (Hass, 2010). Migration is also seen as creating inequality especially in third world countries (Sen, 1999). This is because the labour opportunities that are provided by the developed countries are such that not every person in the developing country can qualify to take them up. This means that for those who are not able to ta ke up the opportunities. Their fate is sort of sealed. Looking at it from this angle, then one clearly concedes that migration is not a tool for development especially for the counties from where the immigrants come from. Migration has not in any way helped the alleviation or reduction of poverty in the developing countries. If anything, it has helped increase poverty levels by high margins as the productivity of the community has gone low for lack of enough labour force. There is yet another argument that has been developed regarding the role played by migration in development (Myrdal, 1957). It is argued that most of the immigrants together with their families do not have a proper investment strategy of the money they earn upon migration. Instead, they spend their money on various consumer goods since most of the 1st world countries encourage consumerism. This therefore means that when the immigrants go back to their native countries, they have nothing to shoe for their work and t his paralyses development (Glick et al, 1991).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Migration and development are intertwined but whether migration has aided development remains a subject of debate and the controversy surrounding the subject does not seem to go away any time soon. References Agunias, D. (2006) Remittances and Development: Trends, Impacts, and Policy  Options. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press. Glick, Szanton et al. (1991) Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. Hass, H. (2010) Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective. Oxford: University of Oxford. Kapur, D. (2003) Remittances: The New Development Mantra? Paper prepared for the G-24 Technical Group Meeting, September. 15–16. New York and Geneva: United Nations. Kearney, A. (1986) From the invisible hand to visible feet: Anthropological Studies of Migration and Development. California: University of California. Kuhn, T. S. (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Myrdal, G. (1957) Rich Lands and Poor. New York: Harper and Row. Rodenburg, J. (1997) In the Shadow of Migration: Rural Women and their Households in North Tapanuli, Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press. Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books. This essay on Migration and Development was written and submitted by user Cayson Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Universe Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang, Universe

The Universe Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang, Universe The Universe It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireballan extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4 Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter was formed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the universe at an age of trillionth of a second. The temperature of the expanding fireball dropped rapidly, cooling

The Story Behind the Phrase Kilroy Was Here

The Story Behind the Phrase Kilroy Was Here For a few years during and after World War II, he was ubiquitous: a doodle of a big-nosed man, peering over a wall, accompanied by the inscription Kilroy was here. At the height of his popularity, Kilroy could be found just about everywhere: in bathrooms and on bridges, in school cafeterias and on homework assignments, in the holds of Navy ships and painted on the shells of Air Force missiles. A classic Bugs Bunny cartoon from 1948, Haredevil Hare, shows just how deeply Kilroy had penetrated into pop culture: thinking hes the first rabbit to land on the moon, Bugs is oblivious to the slogan Kilroy was here prominently etched on a rock behind him. The Prehistory of Kilroy Was Here Where did the meme- and thats exactly what it was, 50 years before the invention of the internet- Kilroy was here come from? Well, graffiti itself has been around for thousands of years, but the Kilroy drawing seems to have derived from a similar graffito, Foo was here, popular among Australian servicemen during World War I; this was also a depiction of a big-nosed cartoon figure peering over a wall, but it was not accompanied by any words. Around the same time  Kilroy was popping up in unexpected places in the U.S., another doodle, Mr. Chad, was appearing in England. The Chad doodle may have derived from the Greek symbol for Omega, or it may have been a simplified adaptation of a circuit diagram; whatever the case, it carried the same someone is watching connotation as Kilroy. At some point shortly before the outbreak of World War II, it seems, Foo, Chad, and Kilroy merged their memetic DNA and mutated into the classic Kilroy was here. Where Did Kilroy Come From? As to the derivation of the name Kilroy, thats a matter of some dispute. Some historians point to James J. Kilroy, an inspector at the Fore River Shipyard in Braintree, MA, who supposedly wrote Kilroy was here on various parts of ships as they were being built (after the ships were completed, these inscriptions would have been inaccessible, hence Kilroys reputation for getting into impossible-to-reach locations). Another candidate is Francis J. Kilroy, Jr., a soldier in Florida, sick with the flu, who wrote Kilroy will be here next week on the wall of his barracks; since this story only appeared in 1945, though, it seems doubtful that Francis, rather than James, was the source of the Kilroy legend. Of course, its also possible that neither James nor Francis Kilroy were involved in any way, and that the name Kilroy was conjured up from scratch by a bored G.I. At this point, we should mention a 2007 documentary, Fort Knox: Secrets Revealed, which aired in 2007 on the History Channel. The premise of the show is that Fort Knox was loaded with gold in 1937, but only made accessible to the public in the 1970s- so the producers at the History Channel could uncork part of the forts innards and visit a time capsule of pre-war America. In the documentary, Kilroy was here can be seen written on a wall inside the vault, which would imply that the origin of this meme dates to no later than 1937. Unfortunately, it was later revealed by one of the shows consultants that the vault footage was recreated (i.e., completely made up), which should make you think twice about the historical accuracy of anything aired on this cable channel! Kilroy Was Here Goes to War The four years of World War II were a tough, dangerous, and often lonely slog for Americas servicemen, who needed any form of entertainment they could get. In this regard, Kilroy was here functioned as a morale booster- when U.S. soldiers landed on a beachhead, they would often see this meme inscribed on a wall or fence nearby, presumably planted there by an advance reconnaissance team. As the war progressed, Kilroy was here became an emblem of pride, carrying the message that no place, and no country, was beyond the reach of Americas might (and especially not if Kilroy was here happened to be painted on the side of a missile penetrating deep into enemy territory). Amusingly, neither Josef Stalin nor Adolf Hitler, two dictators not known for their sense of humor, could quite make sense of  Kilroy was here. The famously paranoid Stalin was reportedly unsettled when he glimpsed a Kilroy was here graffito in a bathroom stall at the Potsdam Conference in Germany; presumably he instructed the NKVD to find the individual responsible and have him shot. And Kilroy was here was inscribed on so many pieces of American ordinance recovered by the Germans that Hitler wondered if Kilroy was a master spy, along the lines of the yet-to-be-invented James Bond! Kilroy has had a robust afterlife. Old memes never truly go away; they persist out of historical context, so that a six-year-old watching Adventure Time or reading a Peanuts comic strip from the 1970s will be aware of this phrase, but not of its origins or its connotations. Its not only the case that Kilroy was here; Kilroy is still among us, in comic books, video games, TV shows, and all sorts of pop-culture artifacts.

Forensics- Narcotic Drugs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forensics- Narcotic Drugs - Research Paper Example In addition, the paper will examine the process of presentation of exhibit in a law court, especially in cases that involve drug abuse. Further, the paper will analyze the use of evidence to facilitate prosecution or acquittal of individuals with criminal charges. The detection of drug abuse in body fluids, blood, tissues, and corpses is a common procedure done in forensic laboratories. Agencies that perform forensic examination of evidences in law enforcement include the FBI, the NIDA, and the DEA and Justice departments (Lowney, 1994). These agencies control, regulate and classify drugs that are commonly abused and investigate cases that relate to drug abuse. Narcotics are drugs that occur naturally in poppy seeds or opioid substances that are semi-synthetic; the medical purpose of these drugs is to relieve pain in patients  suffering from terminal ailments like cancer (Lowney, 1994). The concept narcotic means a state of sluggishness or lethargy and these drugs are significantly essential in the medical field when used as per the physician’s directions. However, these drugs may find their way into the black market where they mix with a wide range of drugs, which could be poisonous (Lowney, 1994). The ills associated with drug use make the concept of narcotics lose social acceptability. As a result, the legislature has criminalized the use of narcotic drugs. Drug users experience confrontations from various laws and law enforcement agencies, which strive to stop the use of drugs and avoid the criminal cases associated with drugs use and abuse (Brickey, 1995). Drugs and crime share an intimate relationship, as most criminals are drug dealers while others use drugs for courage that helps to commit crimes comfortably. Drug addicts can kill people and rob them off their money to buy drugs. Therefore, crime results from drugs and crime causes drugs use while both crime and drugs have strong connections to social forces. Drugs are classified into three

The Deliberate-Emergent Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Deliberate-Emergent Strategy - Essay Example 260). Five years later, Mintzberg (1990) wrote a critique of the 'design school' generally associated with the Harvard Business School where Porter was a faculty member (Mintzberg was then a professor at Canada's McGill University). Before going into the essence of the discussions, a brief explanation is in order as to what Mintzberg meant when he distinguished these two methods - deliberate and emergent - of formulating strategy, also known as defining 'long-term' organisational objectives. Deliberate strategy is a method of formulating strategy following an over-all design dictated by top management that needs to be followed more or less strictly, whilst emergent strategy is a method of developing strategy following a trial and error approach based on general guidelines agreed on by everyone in the organisation (Mintzberg, 1990). Deliberate strategy is a 'top-down' approach, the product of what he called the 'design' or 'planning' school, whilst emergent strategy is its opposite, a process of 'learning by doing' that belongs to the 'learning' or 'emerging strategy' school. Taking up the challenge was Ansoff, one of the 'fathers' of strategic planning (1965), who felt alluded to. He countered with a defence (1991) of the 'design school' and a discussion and critique of Mintzberg's 'emerging strategy' school. Mintzberg responded (1991) by categorising an earlier Ansoff work (1987) as being part of the 'design school' and built upon the basic premises proposed by Andrews (1987). Although Mintzberg (1991) agreed that both emergent learning and deliberate planning are necessary for good strategy formulation, he defends his initial position that in a fast-changing world characterised by the rise of knowledge workers, learning organisations, and ever-shifting markets, the top-down deliberate strategy approach must be balanced by placing greater attention on emergent strategy techniques. Up next inside the ring was Goold (1992), a Boston Consulting Group (BCG) consultant who elaborated upon and defended his and BCG's role in Honda's development of a successful motorcycle strategy. He acknowledged the differences between the planning (deliberate) and learning (emergent) approaches but counselled that synthesis and collaboration, rather than conflict, are most appropriate for the continued development of the discipline, a view that Porter (1996) and Mintzberg (with Lampel, 1999) supported. A thorough study and analyses of the academic papers surrounding the debate would show that, in reality, there may be no grounds for conflict as the arguments proposed by both schools seem equally sound and reasonable. To better understand why, it would be necessary to develop a clear understanding (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington, 2005) of strategy, strategy formulation, and strategic management and implementation (or execution). Strategy comes from the Greek word strategos meaning "art of the general" and implies its initial application in warfare (Watson, 1993, p. 26). Strategic planning involves knowing what to do in the future and is also called "long-range planning", but before an

How Aerial Travel and Cabin Pressure Adversely Affects the Human Body Essay Example for Free

How Aerial Travel and Cabin Pressure Adversely Affects the Human Body Essay The idea of humans traveling to the Moon or other areas out side of the Earths orbit is mostly scientific. However, when astronauts remain in space, having to re-balance the body to suit less or no gravity compared to the Earth could bring about many changes to the body. Scientists have found that the time required for recovery depends on the time spent in zero-gravity conditions. The longer one stays off of the Earths surface, the more damage can be caused. Strictly speaking, even a trip in an Airplane would require safety precautions to minimize damage to the body of this. For example, cabin pressure increased to maintain balance and prevent feeling different to a lower pressure. This essay will consist of two sections. The first will be of flight effects within the Earths hemisphere, and how to perhaps prevent damage to the body. The second, and longer section deals with space travel through Zero-gravity and effects of weightlessness on the body and the counter-measures to prevent damage to the body. Section 1, flight effects on the passengers, specifically dealing with cabin pressure: Airplanes fly at the cruising altitude of around 33000 feet, or approximately 10000 meters. Because the cruising altitude has a cabin pressure lower than air pressure on ground or even under sea-level, the oxygen availability is less and gases within the body expand. This causes the oxygen saturation level of the blood to reduce, which can lead to mild hypoxia, the reduced supply of oxygen to the tissues around the body. Due to the effects of hypoxia, alcohol consumption would affect the brain much more than it would on Earth. As the aircraft makes its decent back to Earth, air must be allowed to flow into the middle of the ear to equalize pressure differences. Passengers often can feel this change in air pressure. People with ear, nose and sinus infections are usually advised to avoid flying because of these changes in air pressure. Air travel in airplanes has less thank 20% humidity. This causes discomfort to the eyes, mouth and nose but does not risk the passengers health. This discomfort can be prevented by drinking liquids (water recommended) before and during the flight, and using skin moisturizers. Also passengers with short-sightedness or long-sightedness are advised to wear eye-glasses rather than contact lenses during flight as the contact lenses may dry out. In order to avoid de-hydration, passengers should drink non- alcoholic beverages. Section 2, how traveling through space affects humans Astronauts often experience Zero- Gravity during their travels through space. This zero gravity or micro gravity can bring about health concern to the body if astronauts remain in space for a long period of time. It would be much healthier for crews to live under artificial gravity. In order to prevent any biological changes in the body when experiencing zero gravity, scientists recommend a force of artificial gravity equal to a third of the Earths level of gravity. However, scientists still havent research affects of artificial gravity on humans but they know for a fact and there is an imbalance in the body due to the shifts of gravity levels. Artificial gravity prevents physiological changes from occurring. In zero-gravity, the body deteriorates. It takes less muscle to move around, so after a long period of time in space, muscles weaken so the body bends. Because there is no tension in space, muscles relax and after a while they atrophy as a result of disuse and eventually disappear. To prevent the fracture of bones, limbs and muscles, all space shuttles give the opportunity for astronauts to do rigorous exercise everyday to keep the muscles strong. Staying in Zero-gravity for months causes bones to lose mass and get thinner, as they are not carrying any weight. This means astronauts must go through rigorous trainings in the spacecraft everyday in order to keep muscle and bone strength. When a great deal of the crews precious time in space is spent exercising rather than doing science, money and potential knowledge are being squandered for the sake of health. It is a sacrifice, but a necessary one1 In space, receptors in the inner ear allow humans to sense direction. In space, ear receptors dont receive the same cues and the mind gets used to ignoring the inner ears feelings about balance. Hand-eye coordination, posture and balance are all affected by the disorientation of the mind. When astronauts return to earth, they are often overwhelmed by dizziness and have difficulty in maintaining balance. An example of the mind adapting to the new gravity less surroundings would be with Shannon Lucid, who was on board the Russian space Station MIR for six months. The astronaut said You just sort of get used to floating around but we also know that floating around is not all that astronauts do- they must resist the effects of micro gravity on the body. Also, no gravity means no resistance from growing, so some astronauts return to earth some 6 inches taller than when they left. It is only after a few months that they grow down/ shrink back to normal height. This is because of the unloading of spinal discs- because of lack of gravity, the discs in the spine are not holding up or don anything, so they tend to stretch rather than contract. Traveling through micro gravity causes bodily fluids to shift from the lower body to the cephalic area (head), and so peoples faces tend to swell and become rounder than they are on earth. When the brain senses a higher amount of blood than usual, it interprets the situation that there is now an overall increase in the total volume of fluids in the body. The brain responds by triggering the excretion of fluids, making astronauts prone to dehydration. Also, the fluid redistribution can shrink legs as the bones are weaker. These fluids pass through the kidneys, causing kidney filtration rate to increase, bone loss can cause Kidney stones. Fluids that leave the body include calcium loss and bone demineralization. The loss of blood plasma causes temporary Anemia upon the return to Earth. Some crew members get space anemia. Scientists are concerned about the affects of catching this disease on over all crew performance. Blood volume may decrease by 10 percent. The increase of fluids in the head causes the same feeling as when one has a cold and feels blocked in. in space astronauts begin to lose their sense of taste, causing the craving for strong flavorings in the food such as horseradish, mustard and taco sauce. Fluid loss, lack of exercise and diminished appetite cause weight loss as astronauts tend not to eat as much as they would on earth. Meals and exercise are planned to prevent excessive loss. Zero-gravity affects the cardio-vascular system. On earth we must cope with gravity, which sustains or slows down the blood-flow. In zero gravity, there is no gravity force, causing the heart to slow down due to the decreased demands of blood as it travels more freely. The immune system in the body is also affected by weightlessness. In space, one is exposed to illness as the immune response lowers and numbers of anti-bodies decrease after a long exposure to micro gravity. Approximately half of all astronauts are affected by this unpleasant syndrome which affects nausea, headache, lethargy and sweating (taken from NASA sources). Also, minor effects of weightlessness on the body include puffiness in the face, flatulence, weight loss, nasal congestion and often sleeping disturbances. Upon returning to earth, recovery time depends on the duration of stay in space. Muscles are weak and the body is not used to gravity forces, (causing them to feel dizzy) and so some astronauts are taken back in stretchers. This shows why astronauts need to be at the peak of fitness. If in the near future the human race would build space stations as tourist resorts, some would prefer hotels with zero-gravity and some would want partial gravity, which would bring about competition like hotels on earth, which would drive prices low. As gravity affects all biological, physical and chemical processes on earth, building an International Space Station gives new opportunity to study a world without gravity and its affect on animals and other living organisms. Observing the weightlessness effect on these living organisms could teach scientists about biological processes on earth, such as aging and osteoporosis. In the end, we can see that human travel through space is safer under artificial gravity when compared to astronauts being exposed to weightlessness, micro gravity or zero gravity (all three mean the same). Most of the problems mentioned such as fluid loss and muscle deterioration would not cause problems as long as the crew remained in a weightless environment. Remaining in a zero-gravity environment for over a long period of time could cause problems, however. In 1987, in the later stages of his 326-day mission, Russian Yuri Romanenko was fatigued both physically and mentally due to traveling through space. The majority of his day was spent sleeping regaining strength, in the meantime his bones were deteriorating. Some say if many like Romanenko stayed in space for much longer, he may not have survived re-entry to the Earth. Returning to Earth could cause problems as the body is much weaker due to demineralization and atrophy of the bones and shortage of red blood cells. Ones balan ce must now again be readjusted causing many astronauts to feel dizzy when back to a strong g force gravity on earth. Whether or not the large amount of time and money spent on keeping astronauts fit during space flight is worth the scientific findings is debatable. Physiological effects need to be prevented as much a possible. Again, this is usually prevented by rigorous exercise and micro gravity could still be a danger to the astronauts health. Many scientists believe that the benefits of transporting/sending out machines (robots) and humans to space, despite the health issues, are nothing compared to the huge benefit that society will receive. Humans will not be perfectly suited to living in a weightless environment, but that wont stop Astrobiologists and many other research firms like NASA from exploring space. The many benefits of space exploration such as technological knowledge and inspiration easily outweigh the negative aspects. Bibliography: Sources were from Newspapers, CDs, web sites and a large extract of a book in one of the web-pages. Most web sites accessed on the 11th December 2003 and 9th January 2004. 1) http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=adapt02 2) www.permanent.com/s-nograv.htm 3) http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php%3fpage=adapt02 4) www.spacefuture.com/habitat/zerog.shtml 5) http://mos.org/cst/article/77/6.html 6) http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/spacestation/basics/why.html 7) www.relaxincomfort.com/zerogravity_benefits.html 8) http://experts.about.com/q/2540/2677459.htm 9) www.uclas.ac.uk/facs/science/physastr/courses/space/ssyear1/sc1201.htm 10) http://www.who.int/ith/chapter02_01.html 11) Definitions from Microsoft Encarta 2003 Premium Suite CD 12) http://library.thinkquest.org/2606/Environmental_problems/water_pollution_-_effects.html (used for first idea of project) 1 http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php%3fpage=adapt02

Rosa Parks :: essays research papers

Rosa Parks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many women who have changed the world in the fields of math, science, sports, music, writing and leadership. Rosa Parks was a leader to help the blacks become equal to whites. Eleanor Roosevelt was also a leader because she helped the poor. Harriet Tubman was also a leader which helped free black slaves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am going to tell what Rosa Parks did to help the world be a better place. Parks, Rosa Louise (1913- ), civil rights leader, born in Tuskegee, Alabama. She attended Alabama State College, worked as a seamstress and housekeeper, and was active in the Montgomery Voters League and the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Youth Council. In 1943 she was elected secretary of the Montgomery branch of the NAACP. In a celebrated incident in 1955 she was arrested for violating segregation laws when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. This resulted in a boycott of the bus system by blacks, with Martin Luther King, Jr. leading the movement. In spite of harassment the boycott continued, and in 1956 segregated seating was challenged in a federal lawsuit. Within a few months bus segregation was ruled unconstitutional, and the buses were officially desegregated in December 1956. Parks, who had lost her job because of the boycott, moved to Detroit, Michigan, the following year, and again took in sewing. She also worked as a fundraiser for the NAACP. In 1965 she was hired by Congressman John Conyers, Jr., also a civil rights leader, to manage his Detroit office. She remained active in the NAACP and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). In 1987 she founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development,

Contextualising the text – Yerma

Throughout his adult life, Garcia Lorca spoke frequently and with great pleasure about the profound importance he attributed to his early childhood in the small villages in the countryside near Granada, and later, in the provincial capital itself. Lorca's father, Federico Garcia Rodriguez was a wealthy landowner with several substantial holdings in the rich alluvial plain called La Vega de Granada. Having been widowed in his first marriage and left without children, Don Federico's second marriage (of which his family disapproved because of the inferior social and economic background of his bride) was to a school teacher from Granada, Vincenta Lorca Romero. The mere fact that she had a profession and a job is an indication of her independence and strength of character. The influence of her personality was to be of the utmost importance for Federico Garcia Lorca, her eldest son, born in June of 1898. The experience of the first ten years in that fertile region of slow rivers and poplar groves, with the snow-capped Sierra Nevada in the distance, seems to have provided Lorca with an inexhaustible well-spring of inspiration and feeling for Spain's rural people and their world. The rural folk he was surrounded by became a great influence in his work as we are shown in his second rural play Yerma. Act 2, scene 1 shows us a parallel to what Lorca would have witnessed often during his childhood. In his late teens he began to write poems that he would recite in local cafes. As a child he was known to carry on conversations with inanimate objects, bestowing upon each object a personality and speaking with them as if they were living things and might speak back at any moment. His writing career began with a book of essays in 1918, followed by a play in 1920 and book of poetry in 1921. In 1919 he left to study law at the Residencia de Estudiantes, where he met and became friends with film director Luis Bunuel and painter Salvador Dali, among other Spanish notables of his generation. With the exception of summer vacations spent in Granada, Garcia Lorca would stay in the Residencia until 1928, by which time he had become Spain's most highly respected younger poet. In the period of his greatest fame, Lorca drifted into a depressive, disillusioned state of mind. He described himself to a friend as suffering â€Å"one of the saddest and most unpleasant moments of my life. † He abandoned the gypsy ballad poetry that was making him famous. He even stopped reading his poetry to friends. He was rescued from this melancholy mood by his mentor, Fernando de los Rios, who took him from Madrid through France and England to New York City. In his plays, the pivotal characters are women. Women are the ones who suffer from desire and pass through conflict to tragic or comic resolution. Most of the scenes take place in women's spaces, the domestic interiors which they rule and from which men are estranged (or, as in The House of Bernarda Alba, completely prohibited). The female characters reveal themselves most easily and deeply in conversations with other women. The poetry which erupts at moments of emotional intensity usually comes from the mouths of female characters. Especially in the three great tragedies which are known as his â€Å"trilogy of rural life,† Lorca chooses women to exemplify the human life which is crushed by Spanish customs and social life. He went to Cuba in 1929-30 and returned to Spain in 1931. That year Spain became a Republic, which gave hope to many – Garcia Lorca included – that Spain's standard of living would be improved, its illiteracy reduced and its culture more widely disseminated. He became a director of a student theatre company, â€Å"La Barraca,† which toured small villages and in the faces of harassment by Fascist partisans presented the Spanish classics to the peasants. The company produced the three â€Å"rural tragedies† on which Garcia Lorca's theatrical reputation rests. Yerma (1934), the second of the three tragedies, is the story of a woman who is unable to conceive although she desperately longs to have a child. The first and third tragedies are Blood Wedding (1933) and The House Bernada Alba, which was never performed during Garcia Lorca's lifetime. At the start of the Spanish Civil War, he went to Granada, which he regarded as relatively safe. Although he had no political affiliations, he was known to be a friend of left-wing intellectuals and an advocate of liberty. Apparently this was enough of an indictment for the Falangists who arrested him on the orders of the Nationalist Civil Governor on August 16, 1936. He was held for two days, tortured and shot. Garcia Lorca was homosexual, and he suffered greatly because of the strict, conservative nature of Spain at that time. His writings were outlawed in Granada's Plaza del Carmen. Even speaking his name was forbidden. The young poet quickly became a martyr, an international symbol of the politically oppressed, but his plays were not revived until the 1940s, and certain bans on his work remained in place until as late as 1971. Today, Garcia Lorca is considered the greatest Spanish poet and dramatist of the 20th Century.

Assessment Base Reading Instruciton Case Study Essay

Table of Contents Introduction Description of the Student Background Information PART 1: Administration of Assessments DIBELS: A Universal Assessment Battery Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Running Records Description and Purpose of the Assessment The running record allows you to record the child’s reading behavior as he or she reads from the book. The purpose of a running record is a tool used to determine word recognition reading fluency reading strategies, self- corrections, and comprehension. It is an individually conducted formative assessment which is ongoing and curriculum based. It provides a graphic  representation of a student’s oral reading, identifying patterns of effective and ineffective strategy use. This method was developed by Marie Clay, the originator of Reading Recovery. Running records helps document reading progress over time. Help teachers decide what students need to learn and matches students to appropriate books. We want to capture all the behaviors to help interpret what the child was probably doing. Everything the child says and does tells us something: when the reading is correct, what his hands and eyes were doing, the comments he made and when he repeated a line of text. Setting f or the Assessment Library setting, after school. This was the only time available. Description of the Assessment Administration Process Select a book that is the child’s reading level. Explain to the child that he or she will read out loud as you observe and record his or her reading behavior. Sit next to the child so that you can see the text and the child’s finger and eye movements as he or she reads the text. Use running record form. As the child reads, mark each word on the running record form by using the symbols on the chart that follows. Place a check mark above each word that is read correctly. If the child reads incorrectly, record above the word what the child reads. If the child is reading too fast for you to record the running record, ask him or her to pause until you catch up. Intervene as little as possible while the child is reading. If the child is stuck and unable to continue, wait 5 to10 seconds and tell him or her the word. If the child seems confused, indicate the point of confusion and say, â€Å"Try again.† Results of the Assessment Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. I would move this student to a higher level text. This text was easy for the student. Analysis of the Assessment Results Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. This student needs practice in retelling story in sequence. She had issues with middle and end. I think she was going for a fluency score and read too fast. She had problems orally retelling middle and end. This level is an appropriate level for this student. I will use the results to plan for this student. Teaching purposes for running records. To find a book level appropriate for a child. Check a child after a series of lessons. Evaluate whether a lift in text level is appropriate. Observe particular difficulties in particular children in order to modify instructional emphasis. Evaluate in order to place a child in an appropriate instructional group, class or school. Add to a record which is monitoring an individual’s progress over time. Reading Inventory Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Additional Diagnostic Assessment: Learner Choice Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Overall Analysis of Assessment Results PART 2: Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Identifying Student Needs Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Recommendations for Further Assessment References Appendices Appendix A: DIBELS Scoring Documents Appendix B: Running Records Scoring Documents Appendix C: Reading Inventory Documents Appendix D: Additional Assessment Documents

Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay Example

Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay Example Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay The articles used in this annotated bibliography focal point on person-centred planning and they explain the stairss involved in inventing the program and guaranting that it is carried out. It describes all of the important subjects necessary to a program ; a few illustrations are volitions and estate planning, the Henson Trust and individualized support. The articles focus on the fact that people with developmental disablements should hold the same rights and same picks as the remainder of the population and be a causal member of their community and society as a whole. Person-centred planning topographic points complete control of the planning procedure and on the individual with the disablement. However, it offers aid and pertinent information to the individual, so that he or she is able to do informed determinations independently. Individualized Support: Vision, Rights and Principles. ( 1997, June 8,9 ) . Retrieved January 18, 2011, from Individualized Funding Information Resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //members.shaw.ca/ bsalisbury/IF % 20 % 20Visions, % 20 Rights % 20 amp ; % 20Princi ples.htm This article represents and defines the end of individualised support ( IF ) . It inspires people who need support to go dynamic and full participators of society, to holding single entree to the services elected by them. This empowers them to populate independent lives, as set out by the individualised support. Individualized support offers resources which individuals consider important in order to lend as a citizen of society. Individualized support is collectible entirely to the person who needs support or trusted representative and focuses on the demands of the individual. IF is besides movable in and across regional boundary lines, ministries and sections of government.Advantages of IF are that it is non based on privilege or appraisal, nor does it modulate funding bounds by categorizations or classs. Individualized support is besides concentrated on the financess an single demands for community life. However, the demands do include wellbeing, safety, mobility and citizenship. T his article is highly encouraging to people who need support, as it delivers the message of community populating through picks, and strives to develop a community, which is inclusive of all people. Planning Tools and Techniques. ( 2003 ) . Retrieved January 21, 2010, from The Particular Needs Planing Group: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.specialneedsplanning.ca/tools.html # # H The Henson Trust originated in Guelph, Ontario in the early 1980aa‚Â ¬a„?s by a adult male named Leonard Henson who had a girl with a developmental disablement. It is besides referred to as Absolute Trust and Discretionary Trust. This article covers the account and the history of the Henson Trust. It was begun so that people with developmental disablements could retain their assets every bit good as continuing their ODSP benefits when they become the donee of a will. Keeping their assets allows more fiscal freedom to take where and how they would wish to populate. The article does non mention to whether or non the Henson Trust is limited to the parents of a individual with a disablement. However, it does offer an unreplaceable description of the Henson Trust and the narrative of how it became. Through doggedness and love for his girl, one adult male created the Henson Trust, which today benefits all people with disablements by continuing their right to maintain their ass ets while having ODSP benefits. Volitions for people with an rational disablement. ( 2004, September ) . Retrieved February 13, 2011, from Intellectual Disability Rights Service: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idrs.org.au /pubs/for-pwid.html This article contains information on volitions, and the fact that everyone has the right to take if they want one, including people with an rational disablement. There are a batch of picks and determinations to be made when an single desires a will. The article addresses all people, and contains extra information for individuals with an rational disablement who would wish a will. The article describes the stairss that lead to the authorship of a will, explains extra stairss, which a individual with an rational disablement needs to take, such as holding a formal appraisal of capacity performed on them, to diminish the possibility of the will being contested once the will shaper is deceased. A formal appraisal of capacity would turn out that the will shaper to the full understood what he or she was making at the clip the will was drawn up and signed. Due to the copiousness of information merely mentioned, I do non experience as though this article is losing any pertinent information si ng volitions and estate picks. Daegher, L. ( 2007 ) . Planing for the Future: Peoples with a disablement. Retrieved January 20, 2011, from Department of Families, Community Services and Autochthonal Personal businesss: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fahcsia.gov.au /sa/carers/pubs/Documents/ PeopleWithDisability /Planning_for_the_Future.pdf This article contains priceless instruction on Future Planning for a people with developmental disablements. While be aftering for a household member with a developmental disabilitysaa‚Â ¬a„? hereafter, it is imperative to recognize the aspirations and dreams of the individual, along with the hopes of the household in this affair. This helps to make a position of how her or his hereafter may be, and develop a strategy to transport it out. Locating information to back up them in doing picks may be restricted to attorneies and fiscal contrivers, who lack experience and cognition in future planning for a individual with a developmental disablement. The planning should be inclusive of all the household membersaa‚Â ¬a„? demands, soon and in the hereafter, while remaining focused on the demands of the person with the developmental disablement, and including and valuing their penetration and sentiments. The article is really enlightening and offers a batch of advic e and freedom of pick to the individual with the disablement every bit good as his or her household. OBrien, J. , A ; Pearpoint, J. ( 1946 ) . Person Centered Planing With Maps and Path: A Workbook for Facilitators. Toronto: Inclusion Press. This article explains what maps and waies are and how they relate to individual centred planning. Maps and Paths are a agencies of recovering lost dreams and supplying hope and picks by conveying people together to envision and act upon holding meaningful and productive hereafters. Maps and Paths is religious, which is why it can non be bureaucratized, and is used to assist all individuals. Person centred planning requires facilitators to unfeignedly listen to persons hopes and frights. Maps and Paths topographic points control on the person, every bit long as it is ethical. The article is simple to understand really descriptive of what Maps and Paths is, when we use it, ( an illustration is when we experience challenges in life and necessitate support ) , and the fact that it has more than one definition to it. It focuses on the facilitators sharing power with people instead than seeking to exhibit power over them. Maps and Paths vision addresses the persons. Byrnes, F. ( 2011 ) . Doctrine of Developmental Disabilities Services. Retrieved February 11, 2011, from Article Doctor Health and Fitness Articles: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articledoctor.com/ developmental-disabilities/philosophy-of- developmental -disabilities-services-1679 This article portrays Competence and the importance of it in respects to individuals with developmental disablements. Developmental disablements services follow a certain point of view, which helps an affected individual to populate a better life. Broadly speech production, the attitude of Developmental disablements services is by and large changeless with a set of regulating rules and the guiding rules of service. Among the regulating rules of most such services is one, which says that individuals with developmental disablements will be able to pass on to their households, friends and communities harmonizing to their pick. Affected individuals should be every bit independent as possible and be in a place to modulate the class of their ain lives. Peoples with developmental disablements must be provided the opportunity to do picks in life that do non sabotage their wellness and safety, and such picks must ever be valued and respected. These first rules form the footing of doctrine of most development disablements services. The guiding rules that are followed for functioning affected individuals besides play a cardinal function in finding the doctrine of developmental disablements services. Individualization high spots on an affected individual s self-pride, which can be developed by safeguarding regard, by doing them lend expressively to their life and community environment. The basic doctrine followed by Developmental disablements services besides includes the following thoughts that people with developmental disablements must hold the same rights, privileges, chances and duties as other members of the community. A Person Centered Organization. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved February 12, 2011, from Compass Coordination Inc. : hypertext transfer protocol: //www.compasstn.org /index.html This narrative of leading is about Compass Coordination Inc. Their person-centered enterprise is an international attempt to back up organisations in holding better results for the people they support. Through part in the creativeness, organisations learn how to use individual centered believing accomplishments to the lives of people supported and in the patterns of the organisation, utilizing managers groups and leading groups to sort barriers and facilitate alterations within system. Compass participates in the enterprise in a figure of ways. Compass is working with stakeholders and within organisations to plan and implement patterns that grip person-centered thought and planning and pattern across the service bringing system. Members of their leading squad are working with other leaders to go adept at utilizing person-centered tools. Since their origin, Compass has held certain person-centered patterns as cardinal to our nucleus values. Mount, B. ( 2011 ) . What is a Circle of Support. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from Child- Autism-Parent-Cafe: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.child-autism-parent -cafe.com/circle.html This article contains specific information on what a Circle of Support is. A circle of support is a group of people interested in acquiring together to help a focal individual enhance and spread out his or her life by assisting to make cardinal personal ends. Persons with restrictions have traditionally been excluded from meaningful relationships and experiences in the community that encompasses them. However, everyone learns and expands their universes through household, friends and experiences. Circle members provide new and originative trails and webs to increasing experiences in the community, like suited and stable employment, a safe and healthy topographic point to populate, transit, diversion and exercising and chances to pass on with a caring individual, etc. The point to retrieve is that individuals with developmental disablements miss out on the simple day-to-day human contacts and pleasance we all enjoy. See the followers to assist choose members for our persons: Think abo ut all the people involved in their life and who are the people that are closest, these are the people you should ask for to the planning meeting. Each member determines his or her ain involvement and committedness. What is SIS. ( 2011 ) . Retrieved February 16, 2011, from American Association On Intellectual and Developmental Disibilities: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.siswebsite.org /cs/product_info This article defines the Supports Intensity Scale and degrees of support for persons with a developmental disablement. The Supports Intensity Scale is a computation tool that evaluates practical support demands of a individual with an rational disablement. Available in print and electronic formats, SIS contains of an interview and profile signifier that tests support demands in multiple countries. SIS is wide-ranging and employs the consumer in a positive interview procedure. The appraisal is done through an interview with the person, and those who know the individual good. SIS measures support demands in the countries of place life, community life, womb-to-tomb acquisition, employment, wellness and safety, societal activities, and protection and protagonism. The Scale ranks each activity harmonizing to frequence. Traditionally, a individual s degree of developmental disablement has been measured by the accomplishments the single deficiencies. SIS shifts the focal point from deficien cies to demands. The Scale assesses practical supports people with developmental disablements need to take independent lives. The SIS should be administered by a professional in the human services field. An overview of the Passport Initiative. ( 2008 ) . Retrieved February 13, 2011, from Developmental Services Toronto: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dsto.com/upload /Passport_Initiative_brochure.pdf This article promotes the Passport to Community Living. Passport to Community Living is funded by the Ministry of Community and Social Services to back up grownups who have a developmental disablement, who have left school, and necessitate supports to partake in community activities. Through this enterprise, the participants who are accepted for support can buy services and supports that will enable their community engagement harmonizing to their involvements and strong points. Participants can take to do their ain commissariats to buy supports and/or to entree services through community-based bureaus. The passport enterprise is designed for grownups who have a developmental disablement, have left school, and necessitate supports to take part in their communities. Salzer, M. , A ; Baron, R. C. ( 2006, November ) . Promoting Community Integration: Increasing the Presence and Participation of Peoples with Psychiatric and Developmental Disabilities in Community Life. Retrieved January 28, 2011, from UPENN Collaborative on Community Integration: hypertext transfer protocol: //tucollaborative.org/pdfs/ Toolkits_Monographs_Guidebooks /community_inclu sion/Increa sing_the_Presence_and_Participation _of_People_with_Psychiatric_Disabilities.pdf This article is brooding of the importance of Community Presence and Participation. To assist people with disablements play a more robust function in the civic life of their communities, plans could supply educational scheduling to clients to familiarise them with local, and regional, issues. Forums in which political campaigners or civic groups could discourse both sides of controversial issues. Particularly those in which groups of clients may hold a particular involvement. Create and utilize practice voting booths before local and national elections to assist familiarise clients with the processs of voting Besides to spur their involvement in take parting in the election procedure. Support clients as they volunteer in civic groups that address public issues, assisting clients to find their personal involvements and fiting clients to local involvement and protagonism groups in the community. Education is to assist people DD jobs resume and complete their instructions and to better fix them for better-paid employment, plans could. Work with local schools, community colleges, and universities to develop academic plans that provide supports people may necessitate successfully using to and finishing enfranchisement and/or degree plans. Develop educational ushers for consumers that both promote them to go on their instructions and supply them with helpful intimations with respect to applications, scholarships, class work, and degree/certification completion. Identify bing scholarship support for consumers who wish to go on their instruction, assist consumers in using for those financess, and recommend for new support to back up these educational enterprises. Developmental Disabilities Division. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved February 9, 2011, from Liberity Resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.liberty-resources.org /programs/dd.cfm This article clearly emphasizes the importance of Respect of people with developmental disablements. All occupants create ends for themselves that are documented on a day-to-day footing. Every six months a formal meeting is held to reexamine their advancement and/or do alterations that will profit each specific individual. Staff work on ends with consumers as outlined in the individualised residential programs and help the consumer in planning activities that meet their demands and desires. Success is measured by an betterment in the quality of life and is monitored through tracking end advancement. Opportunities exist to go a voluntary or an advocator for many of the persons in these plans. Many of them do non hold involved household member and would welcome run intoing new people. The staff individuals are an built-in support system, but the benefits of a community advocator would be enriching. The committedness to go an advocate minimally involves attending at a six month planning /review meetings. This annotated bibliography consists og an copiousness of information which will be pertinent to anyone who would wish to understand or transport out individual directed planning. This bibliography is a perfect illustration of how much engagement is required by a Developmental Service Worker to guarantee they a right back uping persons with a developmental disablement.

5 Tips for Incoming High School Freshmen

Starting high school can be exciting, stressful, and at times, overwhelming. It’s also a time you should be exploring, trying out new opportunities, and making the most of your experiences. Here are five tips for starting off high school on the right foot. Now that you’re older, you have more flexibility as to how you spend your time. Search for groups and activities that align with your interests. Not sure where to start? Try out different clubs at your school. Check out How to Determine Which Clubs to Join: A Guide for Freshmen for ideas. Joining different clubs and trying out activities will allow you to meet new, like-minded people. It will also help you hone your area of specialization , or area that aligns with your interests and talents and path you want to pursue. This can guide your academic and career focus. In a similar vein, freshman year is a great time to try out new things. While every year matters, this year is lower stakes than the other high school years. Even if you’re not sure if you’ll like something, try it out and see. You can always cull your list of activities later. Read A Guide to Extracurricular Activities for Grade 9 for more advice. If you have choices in what courses to take, explore your options in this area as well. For instance, there might be an elective that interests you. Think about getting a job or internship as well; that will give you real-world experience early on. You may have heard that your grades don’t matter this year, but that’s not really true. While it is true that colleges won’t pay as much attention to this year as other years, you should get into the habit of studying and being productive now. That way, you’ll be in good shape later on. For advice on developing good studying and organization habits, read Eight Tips to Use Your Time Efficiently and Stay Organized in High School . Being organized will also help you manage your stress. Consider using planners and calendars to make sure you’re on top of everything you need to do. In this free guide, we'll explain how to set up a solid foundation for the rest of your high school experience. Enter your name and email below to download the guide. It’s not too early to think about college. You don’t need to start filling out applications, of course, but you should be setting goals . Think about the path you need to take to achieve these goals. Set incremental â€Å"sub† checkpoints to help you achieve your larger aspirations. For instance, if you’re hoping to become the editor of your school newspaper, consider the steps you need to take to get there, such as attending meetings, writing killer articles, and bonding with and learning from the current editor and the newspaper’s advisor. Don’t be afraid to ask for advice from parents, teachers, guidance counselor, older students, and even peers. If you feel like you’re getting overwhelmed, it can be helpful to talk to someone for support and guidance. Take some time to get to know your teachers. You’ll probably have more than you did in middle school, and your teachers, in turn, probably have many students. Developing connections with your teachers can be a substantial addition to your support system, since it will give you another resource for academic help. Additionally, when it comes to ask teachers for college recommendations, your teachers will be able to speak to your character, not just the papers you’ve written. It’s also important to develop a relationship with your guidance counselor. Make sure you introduce yourself and check in occasionally , so your guidance counselor really gets to know you. Like your teachers, she can be an excellent source of support and will be able to write about you as a person in your recommendation letter. High school won’t be easy, but try to get the most out of the challenges it brings. Take your time seriously, and create a plan for success. While you’ll face challenges along the way, having a plan, trying out new opportunities, and using your support system will help you manage your time well and prepare yourself for the future. Looking for help navigating the road to college as a high school student? Check out the Mentorship Program . Our mentors drive significant personal and professional development for their high school mentees. Combining mentorship with engaging content, insider strategies, and personalized analyses, our program provides students with the tools to succeed. As students learn from successful older peers, they develop confidence, autonomy, and critical thinking skills to help maximize their chances of success in college, business, and life.

Systems Modelling Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Systems Modelling - Lab Report Example MATLAB inbuilt function ss() is then called and given the matrices as input arguments so as to generate the state space model. The ss() function takes state matrices as inputs and generates the state space model. The program begins with the definition of variables to be used i.e. mass, spring constant and the damping coefficient. Next, the transfer function is defined and it poles computed. The function pole() returns a pair of poles that have real and complex parts. To establish stability, the sign of the real parts are checked. Negative real part means the pole is in the LHS of the S-Plane thus implying that the system is stable. Otherwise the system will be unstable if poles have positive real parts. The program then illustrates the response of the system to initial conditions. Step input could also be used to demonstrate response of the system. From Figure 1.2 the conjugate pair has negative real parts. According to our criterion, the system is stable. The 2 poles are on the left hand side of the S-Plane indicating that the system is stable. Figure 1.3 demonstrates how the MSD system responds to initial condition of x0 = [1, 0]. From the graph it can be seen that the system undergoes a transient state and attains steady state as time increases. The code above has been modified in order to allow stability of the system to be determined for different values of gain. Gain is usually multiplied by the numerator of the transfer function, therefore the program will prompt the user to enter a value for the gain then the program computes the stability. First the constants are defined. The user is then prompted to enter the gain for the system which forms the numerator of the transfer function. The denominator is defined as a vector containing mass, spring and dumping constants. The transfer function is then determined and its poles computed. The sign of the poles is checked and stability determined. When run with 8 as the gain, the system shows it is stable.